10.1 Understanding Link Configuration
In GroupWise, a link is defined as the information required to route messages between domains, post offices, and gateways in a GroupWise system. Initial links are created when domains, post offices, and gateways are created. The following topics help you understand link configuration:
10.1.1 Domain-to-Domain Links
The primary role of the MTA is to route messages from one domain to another. Domain links tell the MTA how to route messages between domains. Domain links are stored in the domain database (wpdomain.db). There are three types of links between source and destination domains:
As an alternative to configuring individual links between individual domains throughout your GroupWise system, you can establish a system of one or more routing domains. See Section 41.3.1, Using Routing Domains.
Direct Links
In a direct link between domains, the source domain’s MTA communicates directly with the destination domain’s MTA. If it is using a TCP/IP link, the source domain MTA communicates messages to the destination domain MTA by way of TCP/IP, which does not require disk access by the source MTA in the destination domain. If it is using a mapped or UNC link, the source domain MTA writes message files into the destination domain MTA input queue, which does require disk access by the source MTA in the destination domain. For additional details about the configuration options for direct links, see Section 10.1.3, Link Protocols for Direct Links.
Figure 10-1 Direct Link between Domain A and Domain B
Direct links can be used between all domains. This is a very efficient configuration but might not be practical in a large system.
Figure 10-2 Direct Links to All Domains
Indirect Links
In an indirect link between domains, the source domain’s MTA routes messages through one or more intermediate MTAs in other domains to reach the destination domain’s MTA. In other words, an indirect link is a series of two or more direct links. In large systems, direct links between each pair of domains might be impractical, so indirect links can be common. A variety of indirect link configurations are possible, including:
Properly configured links optimize message flow throughout your GroupWise system.
Simple Indirect Links
In simplest form, an indirect link can be used to pass messages between two domains that are not directly linked.
Figure 10-3 Indirectly Linking Two Domains by Going through a Third Domain
Star Configuration
In a star configuration, one central domain is linked directly to all other domains in the system. All other domains are indirectly linked to each other through the central domain.
Figure 10-4 Indirect Links through a Central Domain
If you have more than ten domains, you might want to designate the central domain as a routing domain. The sole function of a routing domain is to transfer messages between other domains; it has no post offices of its own. See Section 41.3.1, Using Routing Domains.
The major drawback of the star configuration is that the central domain is a single point of failure.
Two-Way Ring Configuration
In a two-way ring configuration, each domain is directly linked to the next and previous domains in the ring and indirectly linked to all other domains in the system.
Figure 10-5 Ring Configuration with Direct Links to Neighboring Domain and Indirect Links to All Other Domains
An advantage of the two-way ring configuration is that it has no single point of failure. A disadvantage is that, depending on the size of the system, a message might go through several domains before arriving at its destination. A two-way ring works well in a system with five domains or less because transferring a message never requires more than two hops.
Combination Configuration
These three basic link configurations can be combined in any way to meet the needs of your GroupWise system.
Gateway Links
In a gateway link between domains, the sending domain’s MTA must route the message through a gateway to reach its destination. Gateways can be used to:
-
Link domains within your GroupWise system. See Using Gateway Links between Domains.
-
Link your GroupWise system to another GroupWise system through an external domain. See
Using Direct Links
inConnecting to GroupWise 5.x, 6.x, and 7.x Systems
in the GroupWise 7 Multi-System Administration Guide -
Link your GroupWise system to a different e-mail system through a non-GroupWise domain. See
Connecting to Non-GroupWise Messaging Systems
in the GroupWise 7 Multi-System Administration Guide.
For more information, see the GroupWise Gateways Documentation Web site.
You cannot locate a post office across a gateway link from its domain. This precludes locating a post office across a modem connection.
10.1.2 Domain-to-Post Office Links
Between a domain and its post offices, all links must be direct links. There are no alternative link types between a domain and its post offices.
10.1.3 Link Protocols for Direct Links
The link protocol of a direct link between domains determines how the MTAs for the domains communicate with each other across the link. When you create a new domain, you must link it to an existing domain. This creates the initial domain-to-domain link.
Between a domain and a post office, the link protocol determines how the MTA transfers messages to the post office. Messages do not flow directly from one post office to another within a domain. Instead, they are routed through the domain. When you create a new post office, you must specify which domain it belongs to. This creates the initial domain-to-post office link.
There are three link protocols for direct links between domains and between a domain and its post offices:
NOTE:On Linux, TCP/IP links are required.
TCP/IP Links
Domain-to-Domain TCP/IP Links
In a TCP/IP link between domains, the source MTA and the destination MTA communicate by way of TCP/IP rather than by writing message files into queue directories. The source MTA establishes a TCP/IP link with the destination MTA and transmits whatever messages need to go to that domain. The destination MTA receives the messages and routes them on to local post offices or to other domains as needed. During the process, message files are created in the gwinprog directory for backup purposes and are deleted when the TCP/IP communication process is completed.
Domain-to-Post Office TCP/IP Links
In a TCP/IP link between a domain and a post office, you must configure both the POA and the MTA for TCP/IP. The source MTA establishes a TCP/IP link with the destination POA and transmits whatever messages need to go to that post office. The destination POA receives the messages and delivers them into mailboxes in the post office. During this process, message files are created in the POA input queue for backup purposes and are deleted when delivery is completed.
Mapped Links
Domain-to-Domain Mapped Links
In a mapped link between domains, the location of the destination domain is specified in the following format:
drive:\domain_directory
The source MTA writes message files into its output queue at the location:
drive:\domain_directory\wpcsin
as input for the destination domain’s MTA. Because drive mappings are changeable, you can move the domain directory structure, map its new location to the original drive letter, and the domain-to-domain link is still intact.
Domain-to-Post Office Mapped Links
In a mapped link between a domain and a post office, the location of the post office is specified in the following format:
drive:\post_office_directory
The MTA writes message files into its output queue at the location:
drive:\post_office_directory\wpcsout
as input for the post office’s POA. Because drive mappings are changeable, you can move the post office directory structure, map its new location to the original drive letter, and the domain-to-post office link is still intact.
UNC Links
Domain-to-Domain UNC Links
In a UNC link between domains, the location of the destination domain is specified in the following format:
\\server\volume\domain_directory
The source MTA writes message files into its output queue at the location:
\\server\volume\domain_directory\wpcsin
as input for the destination domain’s MTA. Because UNC paths represent absolute locations on your network, if you move the domain to a new location, you need to edit the link to match.
Domain-to-Post Office UNC Links
In a UNC link between a domain and a post office, the location of the post office is specified in the following format:
\\server\volume\post_office_directory
The MTA writes message files into its output queue at the location:
\\server\volume\post_office_directory\wpcsout
as input for the post office’s POA. Because UNC paths represent absolute locations in your network, if you move the post office to a new location, you need to edit the link to match.